/**
	Implementes version validation and comparison according to the semantic
	versioning specification.

	The general format of a semantiv version is: a.b.c[-x.y...][+x.y...]
	a/b/c must be integer numbers with no leading zeros, and x/y/... must be
	either numbers or identifiers containing only ASCII alphabetic characters
	or hyphens. Identifiers may not start with a digit.

	See_Also: http://semver.org/

	Copyright: © 2013-2016 rejectedsoftware e.K.
	License: Subject to the terms of the MIT license, as written in the included LICENSE.txt file.
	Authors: Sönke Ludwig
*/
module dub.semver;

import std.range;
import std.string;
import std.algorithm : max;
import std.conv;

@safe:

/**
	Validates a version string according to the SemVer specification.
*/
bool isValidVersion(string ver)
pure @nogc {
	// NOTE: this is not by spec, but to ensure sane input
	if (ver.length > 256) return false;

	// a
	auto sepi = ver.indexOf('.');
	if (sepi < 0) return false;
	if (!isValidNumber(ver[0 .. sepi])) return false;
	ver = ver[sepi+1 .. $];

	// c
	sepi = ver.indexOf('.');
	if (sepi < 0) return false;
	if (!isValidNumber(ver[0 .. sepi])) return false;
	ver = ver[sepi+1 .. $];

	// c
	sepi = ver.indexOfAny("-+");
	if (sepi < 0) sepi = ver.length;
	if (!isValidNumber(ver[0 .. sepi])) return false;
	ver = ver[sepi .. $];

	// prerelease tail
	if (ver.length > 0 && ver[0] == '-') {
		ver = ver[1 .. $];
		sepi = ver.indexOf('+');
		if (sepi < 0) sepi = ver.length;
		if (!isValidIdentifierChain(ver[0 .. sepi])) return false;
		ver = ver[sepi .. $];
	}

	// build tail
	if (ver.length > 0 && ver[0] == '+') {
		ver = ver[1 .. $];
		if (!isValidIdentifierChain(ver, true)) return false;
		ver = null;
	}

	assert(ver.length == 0);
	return true;
}

///
unittest {
	assert(isValidVersion("1.9.0"));
	assert(isValidVersion("0.10.0"));
	assert(!isValidVersion("01.9.0"));
	assert(!isValidVersion("1.09.0"));
	assert(!isValidVersion("1.9.00"));
	assert(isValidVersion("1.0.0-alpha"));
	assert(isValidVersion("1.0.0-alpha.1"));
	assert(isValidVersion("1.0.0-0.3.7"));
	assert(isValidVersion("1.0.0-x.7.z.92"));
	assert(isValidVersion("1.0.0-x.7-z.92"));
	assert(!isValidVersion("1.0.0-00.3.7"));
	assert(!isValidVersion("1.0.0-0.03.7"));
	assert(isValidVersion("1.0.0-alpha+001"));
	assert(isValidVersion("1.0.0+20130313144700"));
	assert(isValidVersion("1.0.0-beta+exp.sha.5114f85"));
	assert(!isValidVersion(" 1.0.0"));
	assert(!isValidVersion("1. 0.0"));
	assert(!isValidVersion("1.0 .0"));
	assert(!isValidVersion("1.0.0 "));
	assert(!isValidVersion("1.0.0-a_b"));
	assert(!isValidVersion("1.0.0+"));
	assert(!isValidVersion("1.0.0-"));
	assert(!isValidVersion("1.0.0-+a"));
	assert(!isValidVersion("1.0.0-a+"));
	assert(!isValidVersion("1.0"));
	assert(!isValidVersion("1.0-1.0"));
}


/**
	Determines if a given valid SemVer version has a pre-release suffix.
*/
bool isPreReleaseVersion(string ver) pure @nogc
in { assert(isValidVersion(ver)); }
body {
	foreach (i; 0 .. 2) {
		auto di = ver.indexOf('.');
		assert(di > 0);
		ver = ver[di+1 .. $];
	}
	auto di = ver.indexOf('-');
	if (di < 0) return false;
	return isValidNumber(ver[0 .. di]);
}

///
unittest {
	assert(isPreReleaseVersion("1.0.0-alpha"));
	assert(isPreReleaseVersion("1.0.0-alpha+b1"));
	assert(isPreReleaseVersion("0.9.0-beta.1"));
	assert(!isPreReleaseVersion("0.9.0"));
	assert(!isPreReleaseVersion("0.9.0+b1"));
}

/**
	Compares the precedence of two SemVer version strings.

	The version strings must be validated using `isValidVersion` before being
	passed to this function. Note that the build meta data suffix (if any) is
	being ignored when comparing version numbers.

	Returns:
		Returns a negative number if `a` is a lower version than `b`, `0` if they are
		equal, and a positive number otherwise.
*/
int compareVersions(string a, string b)
pure @nogc {
	// compare a.b.c numerically
	if (auto ret = compareNumber(a, b)) return ret;
	assert(a[0] == '.' && b[0] == '.');
	a = a[1 .. $]; b = b[1 .. $];
	if (auto ret = compareNumber(a, b)) return ret;
	assert(a[0] == '.' && b[0] == '.');
	a = a[1 .. $]; b = b[1 .. $];
	if (auto ret = compareNumber(a, b)) return ret;

	// give precedence to non-prerelease versions
	bool apre = a.length > 0 && a[0] == '-';
	bool bpre = b.length > 0 && b[0] == '-';
	if (apre != bpre) return bpre - apre;
	if (!apre) return 0;

	// compare the prerelease tail lexicographically
	do {
		a = a[1 .. $]; b = b[1 .. $];
		if (auto ret = compareIdentifier(a, b)) return ret;
	} while (a.length > 0 && b.length > 0 && a[0] != '+' && b[0] != '+');

	// give longer prerelease tails precedence
	bool aempty = a.length == 0 || a[0] == '+';
	bool bempty = b.length == 0 || b[0] == '+';
	if (aempty == bempty) {
		assert(aempty);
		return 0;
	}
	return bempty - aempty;
}

///
unittest {
	assert(compareVersions("1.0.0", "1.0.0") == 0);
	assert(compareVersions("1.0.0+b1", "1.0.0+b2") == 0);
	assert(compareVersions("1.0.0", "2.0.0") < 0);
	assert(compareVersions("1.0.0-beta", "1.0.0") < 0);
	assert(compareVersions("1.0.1", "1.0.0") > 0);
}

unittest {
	void assertLess(string a, string b) {
		assert(compareVersions(a, b) < 0, "Failed for "~a~" < "~b);
		assert(compareVersions(b, a) > 0);
		assert(compareVersions(a, a) == 0);
		assert(compareVersions(b, b) == 0);
	}
	assertLess("1.0.0", "2.0.0");
	assertLess("2.0.0", "2.1.0");
	assertLess("2.1.0", "2.1.1");
	assertLess("1.0.0-alpha", "1.0.0");
	assertLess("1.0.0-alpha", "1.0.0-alpha.1");
	assertLess("1.0.0-alpha.1", "1.0.0-alpha.beta");
	assertLess("1.0.0-alpha.beta", "1.0.0-beta");
	assertLess("1.0.0-beta", "1.0.0-beta.2");
	assertLess("1.0.0-beta.2", "1.0.0-beta.11");
	assertLess("1.0.0-beta.11", "1.0.0-rc.1");
	assertLess("1.0.0-rc.1", "1.0.0");
	assert(compareVersions("1.0.0", "1.0.0+1.2.3") == 0);
	assert(compareVersions("1.0.0", "1.0.0+1.2.3-2") == 0);
	assert(compareVersions("1.0.0+asdasd", "1.0.0+1.2.3") == 0);
	assertLess("2.0.0", "10.0.0");
	assertLess("1.0.0-2", "1.0.0-10");
	assertLess("1.0.0-99", "1.0.0-1a");
	assertLess("1.0.0-99", "1.0.0-a");
	assertLess("1.0.0-alpha", "1.0.0-alphb");
	assertLess("1.0.0-alphz", "1.0.0-alphz0");
	assertLess("1.0.0-alphZ", "1.0.0-alpha");
}


/**
	Increments a given (partial) version number to the next higher version.

	Prerelease and build metadata information is ignored. The given version
	can skip the minor and patch digits. If no digits are skipped, the next
	minor version will be selected. If the patch or minor versions are skipped,
	the next major version will be selected.

	This function corresponds to the semantivs of the "~>" comparison operator's
	upper bound.

	The semantics of this are the same as for the "approximate" version
	specifier from rubygems.
	(https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/tree/81d806d818baeb5dcb6398ca631d772a003d078e/lib/rubygems/version.rb)

	See_Also: `expandVersion`
*/
string bumpVersion(string ver)
pure {
	// Cut off metadata and prerelease information.
	auto mi = ver.indexOfAny("+-");
	if (mi > 0) ver = ver[0..mi];
	// Increment next to last version from a[.b[.c]].
	auto splitted = () @trusted { return split(ver, "."); } (); // DMD 2.065.0
	assert(splitted.length > 0 && splitted.length <= 3, "Version corrupt: " ~ ver);
	auto to_inc = splitted.length == 3? 1 : 0;
	splitted = splitted[0 .. to_inc+1];
	splitted[to_inc] = to!string(to!int(splitted[to_inc]) + 1);
	// Fill up to three compontents to make valid SemVer version.
	while (splitted.length < 3) splitted ~= "0";
	return splitted.join(".");
}
///
unittest {
	assert("1.0.0" == bumpVersion("0"));
	assert("1.0.0" == bumpVersion("0.0"));
	assert("0.1.0" == bumpVersion("0.0.0"));
	assert("1.3.0" == bumpVersion("1.2.3"));
	assert("1.3.0" == bumpVersion("1.2.3+metadata"));
	assert("1.3.0" == bumpVersion("1.2.3-pre.release"));
	assert("1.3.0" == bumpVersion("1.2.3-pre.release+metadata"));
}

/**
	Increments a given version number to the next incompatible version.

	Prerelease and build metadata information is removed.

	This implements the "^" comparison operator, which represents "nonbreaking semver compatibility."
	With 0.x.y releases, any release can break.
	With x.y.z releases, only major releases can break.
*/
string bumpIncompatibleVersion(string ver)
pure {
	// Cut off metadata and prerelease information.
	auto mi = ver.indexOfAny("+-");
	if (mi > 0) ver = ver[0..mi];
	// Increment next to last version from a[.b[.c]].
	auto splitted = () @trusted { return split(ver, "."); } (); // DMD 2.065.0
	assert(splitted.length == 3, "Version corrupt: " ~ ver);
	if (splitted[0] == "0") splitted[2] = to!string(to!int(splitted[2]) + 1);
	else splitted = [to!string(to!int(splitted[0]) + 1), "0", "0"];
	return splitted.join(".");
}
///
unittest {
	assert(bumpIncompatibleVersion("0.0.0") == "0.0.1");
	assert(bumpIncompatibleVersion("0.1.2") == "0.1.3");
	assert(bumpIncompatibleVersion("1.0.0") == "2.0.0");
	assert(bumpIncompatibleVersion("1.2.3") == "2.0.0");
	assert(bumpIncompatibleVersion("1.2.3+metadata") == "2.0.0");
	assert(bumpIncompatibleVersion("1.2.3-pre.release") == "2.0.0");
	assert(bumpIncompatibleVersion("1.2.3-pre.release+metadata") == "2.0.0");
}

/**
	Takes a partial version and expands it to a valid SemVer version.

	This function corresponds to the semantivs of the "~>" comparison operator's
	lower bound.

	See_Also: `bumpVersion`
*/
string expandVersion(string ver)
pure {
	auto mi = ver.indexOfAny("+-");
	auto sub = "";
	if (mi > 0) {
		sub = ver[mi..$];
		ver = ver[0..mi];
	}
	auto splitted = () @trusted { return split(ver, "."); } (); // DMD 2.065.0
	assert(splitted.length > 0 && splitted.length <= 3, "Version corrupt: " ~ ver);
	while (splitted.length < 3) splitted ~= "0";
	return splitted.join(".") ~ sub;
}
///
unittest {
	assert("1.0.0" == expandVersion("1"));
	assert("1.0.0" == expandVersion("1.0"));
	assert("1.0.0" == expandVersion("1.0.0"));
	// These are rather excotic variants...
	assert("1.0.0-pre.release" == expandVersion("1-pre.release"));
	assert("1.0.0+meta" == expandVersion("1+meta"));
	assert("1.0.0-pre.release+meta" == expandVersion("1-pre.release+meta"));
}

private int compareIdentifier(ref string a, ref string b)
pure @nogc {
	bool anumber = true;
	bool bnumber = true;
	bool aempty = true, bempty = true;
	int res = 0;
	while (true) {
		if (a[0] != b[0] && res == 0) res = a[0] - b[0];
		if (anumber && (a[0] < '0' || a[0] > '9')) anumber = false;
		if (bnumber && (b[0] < '0' || b[0] > '9')) bnumber = false;
		a = a[1 .. $]; b = b[1 .. $];
		aempty = !a.length || a[0] == '.' || a[0] == '+';
		bempty = !b.length || b[0] == '.' || b[0] == '+';
		if (aempty || bempty) break;
	}

	if (anumber && bnumber) {
		// the !empty value might be an indentifier instead of a number, but identifiers always have precedence
		if (aempty != bempty) return bempty - aempty;
		return res;
	} else {
		if (anumber && aempty) return -1;
		if (bnumber && bempty) return 1;
		// this assumption is necessary to correctly classify 111A > 11111 (ident always > number)!
		static assert('0' < 'a' && '0' < 'A');
		if (res != 0) return res;
		return bempty - aempty;
	}
}

private int compareNumber(ref string a, ref string b)
pure @nogc {
	int res = 0;
	while (true) {
		if (a[0] != b[0] && res == 0) res = a[0] - b[0];
		a = a[1 .. $]; b = b[1 .. $];
		auto aempty = !a.length || (a[0] < '0' || a[0] > '9');
		auto bempty = !b.length || (b[0] < '0' || b[0] > '9');
		if (aempty != bempty) return bempty - aempty;
		if (aempty) return res;
	}
}

private bool isValidIdentifierChain(string str, bool allow_leading_zeros = false)
pure @nogc {
	if (str.length == 0) return false;
	while (str.length) {
		auto end = str.indexOf('.');
		if (end < 0) end = str.length;
		if (!isValidIdentifier(str[0 .. end], allow_leading_zeros)) return false;
		if (end < str.length) str = str[end+1 .. $];
		else break;
	}
	return true;
}

private bool isValidIdentifier(string str, bool allow_leading_zeros = false)
pure @nogc {
	if (str.length < 1) return false;

	bool numeric = true;
	foreach (ch; str) {
		switch (ch) {
			default: return false;
			case 'a': .. case 'z':
			case 'A': .. case 'Z':
			case '-':
				numeric = false;
				break;
			case '0': .. case '9':
				break;
		}
	}

	if (!allow_leading_zeros && numeric && str[0] == '0' && str.length > 1) return false;

	return true;
}

private bool isValidNumber(string str)
pure @nogc {
	if (str.length < 1) return false;
	foreach (ch; str)
		if (ch < '0' || ch > '9')
			return false;

	// don't allow leading zeros
	if (str[0] == '0' && str.length > 1) return false;

	return true;
}

private ptrdiff_t indexOfAny(string str, in char[] chars)
pure @nogc {
	ptrdiff_t ret = -1;
	foreach (ch; chars) {
		auto idx = str.indexOf(ch);
		if (idx >= 0 && (ret < 0 || idx < ret))
			ret = idx;
	}
	return ret;
}